How to Cite Sources

(Writing a Bibliography)

Citation Examples - Print and Non-Print

All entries in a Works Cited page should be double-spaced. To save space, our

examples have not been double-spaced.

The second line of a citation is indented ½ inch.

Print

Books

Author, none

The American Renaissance. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers, 2004.

Title of Book. City of Publication: Publisher, Publication Date.

(The city can be named without the state or country, if well known:
i.e., New York or London. Always choose the first city listed and the
latest date listed on the publication page.)

Author, One

Lee, Harper. To Kill a Mockingbird. New York: Warner Books, 1982.

Author's Last Name, First Name. Title of Book. City of Publication: Publisher, Publication Date.

Author, more than one work by the same author

Hansberry, Lorraine. A Raisin in the Sun. New York: Random House, 1959.

—• To Be Young. Gifted and Black. Ed. Robert Nemiroff. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:

Prentice-Hall, 1969.

Authors, Two

Hopper, Henry, and Peter Gwinn. Fun With Physics. New York: Harper & Row,

1997.

Author1's Last Name, First Name, and Author2's First Name Author2's Last Name. Title of Book.
City of Publication: Publisher, Publication Date.

Authors, Three

Thomsen, Adam, Mary Jensen, and Dori Graham. Coexisting Under Stress.

Chicago: New Age Press, 2005.

Author1's Last Name, First Name, Author2's First Name Author2's Last Name, and Author3's First
Name Author3's Last Name. Title of Book. City of Publication: Publisher, Publication Date.

Authors, more than three

Adams, Brian, et al. Encyclopedia of Great Civilizations. New York: Shooting Star Press, 1994.

Author’s Last Name, First Name, et al. Title of Book. City of Publication: Publisher, Publication Date.

Corporate authorship

Committee on Research. Reports on Selected Topics. New York: The Academy of Sciences, 1997.

Name of Corporation or Organization. Title of Book. City of Publication: Publisher, Publication Date.

Government Publication

United Nations. Consequences of Rapid Population Growth. New York: Taylor, 1991.

United States. Dept. of Labor. Child Care: A Workforce Issue. Washington: GPO, 1998.

The name of the government. The agency. The Document Title. Include all numbers, session information and the
type and number of the publication if provided. Place of Publication: Publisher (Use GPO for Government
Printing Office), Publication Date.

Chapter of a Book, a Poem, or a Story from an Anthology (Story Collection)

Chase, Richard. “Old-Christmas Eve.” Grandfather Tales. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1973. 58-60.

Franklin, Benjamin. “Emigration to America: 1782.” The Faber Book of America.

Eds. Christopher Ricks and William L. Vance. Boston: Faber, 1992. 24-26.

Lowe, Justin. “First Lady Bloopers.” Tales of the White House. Ed. Mary Benton. Baltimore:
Viking Press, 1996. 46-62.

Author’s Last Name, First Name. “Title of Story or Essay.” Title of Anthology. Editor if any. City of Publication:
Publisher, Publication Date. Page Numbers.

Editor or Editors

Bevington, David, ed. The Complete Works of Shakespeare. 3^rd ed. Glenview, IL: Scott,
Foresman, 1980.

Same format as for books with one or more authors, except for adding ed. or eds. after name or names.

Encyclopedia article with author

Gillingham, John. “Norman Conquest.” The World Book Encyclopedia. 1998 ed.

Author’s Last Name, First Name. “Title of Article.” Encyclopedia Title. Edition.

(If the encyclopedia is well known and covers a variety of topics, such as World Book or Britannica, the publication
information does not have to be included. If the encyclopedia relates to one specific area, such as the
Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, then follow the format used for a Chapter in a Book and include
all publication information.)

Periodicals

Magazine article

Leslie, Mitch. “The Strange Lives of Polar Dinosaurs.” Smithsonian Dec. 2007: 68-74.

Levy, Steven. “The Future of Reading.” Newsweek 26 Nov. 2007: 56-64.

Author’s Last Name, First Name. “Title of Article.” Magazine Title Date of Magazine: Pages.

Scholarly Journal

Whiting, Wendy, and Charlotte White. “Myths about Stress.” Open Spaces 5 (2003): 123-128.

Author’s Name(s). “Title of Article.” Journal Title Volume # (Date of Journal): Pages.

(When a journal is paged continuously throughout the year, you only need the volume number, but if each issue starts
with new pagination, include the issue number. Example: 5:4)

Newspaper Article

Bryant, Alice Franklin. “Our Role in the U.N.” [Letter to the Editor]. Oregonian
[Portland, OR] 15 Dec. 2004: B8.

Schwartz, James. “Obesity Affects Economic, Social Status.” Washington Post

30 Sept. 2005: A1, A4.

Author’s Last Name, First Name. “Title of Article.” [If Letter to the Editor, include that information].
Name of Newspaper {City if not in Newspaper Name] Date of Newspaper: Section and Page #’s.

CQ Researcher (or other loose-leaf collection of articles)

Cox, Rachel S. “Protecting the National Parks.” The Environment. CQ Researcher

10.23 (2000): 523+.

Author’s Last Name, First Name. “Title of Article.” Title of Issue. Title of Service or Collection.
Issue #. Volume # (Year): Pg #’s.

Pamphlet

(Treat a pamphlet as you would a book.)

Non-Print

Book issued on CD-ROM

Cinemania. CD-ROM. Redmond, WA: Microsoft, 1995.

CD-ROM Title. CD-ROM. Place of Publication: Publisher, Publication Date.

Video or DVD

Amazon Rainforest. Videocassette. National Geographic, Inc., 1997.

Discovering Spain. DVD Questar Video Communications, 1991.

Author/Narrator’s Last Name, First Name (if provided). Title of Video/DVD. Media Description/Format.
Place of Publication (if provided): Distributor, Year of Release.

Electronic Sources – Note that the date when the item was retrieved is before the site
address and there is no period after the date. All entries should be double-spaced.
To save space, our examples have not been double-spaced.

Article in a Reference Database, such as an encyclopedia

“Fresco.” Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Vers.02.1.1. Mar. 2002. Encyclopedia Britannica.
29 Mar. 2003 <http://www.eb.com:180>.

Author’s Last Name, First Name. (If provided) “Title of Article.” Title of Reference Database. Version or Edition #.
Copyright Year. Title of Printed Version. Date of Retrieval <URL>.

Article from a Periodical (Magazine)

Miller, James. “Health-care Inflation.” Business Week 17 Mar. 1999. 21 Jan. 2002
<http://www.businessweek.com/1999/11/b351852.htm.>

Author’s Last Name, First Name. “Title of Article.” Title of Periodical. Date of Periodical. Date of Retrieval <URL>.

General Web Site

Lancashire, Ian. “Diabetes and Carbohydrates.” 23 Aug. 2002 <http://www.mayohealth.org/
mayo/askdiethtm/new>.

Author’s Last Name, First Name (if provided). “Title of Site.” Date of Retrieval <URL>.

EBSCO (Retrieved from school’s web site)

Nash, J. Madeleine. “A Fault Runs Through It.” Time 4 Jul. 2005: 34-35. Academic Search Premier.
EBSCOHost. 15 Aug. 2006.

Author’s Last Name, First Name (If provided). “Title of Article.” Name of Periodical Date of Periodical: pg. #’s.
Name of the Database. Name of the Service. Date of retrieval.

Image

“Galaxy Centaurus: A Lithograph.” Image. Amazing Space. 14 Sept. 2006 <http://amazingspace.
stsci.edu/capture/blackholes/preview-centaurus.php>.

Creator/Author’s Last Name, First Name. “Title or Description.” Type of image – map, photograph, sculpture, etc.
if not part of the title. Title of Site. Date of retrieval <URL of Image>.

Video

Martin Luther King, Jr.: ‘I Have a Dream’. 28 Aug. 1973. American Rhetoric. 2 Mar. 2001 <http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/Ihaveadream.htm>.

Murnau, F. W., dir. Nosferatu. 1922. 9 Oct. 2001 <www.chinaha.com>.

Director of Video, if provided. Name of the Video. Date of Video. Sponsoring Organization or Institution. Date of Retrieval <URL>.